- Continued low economic growth,
- Structural problems in the economy,
- Shrinking of the productive industry sector and the declining contribution of the secondary sector
- The expansion of the tertiary sector without a solid foundation of the primary and secondary sectors,
- Low production and productivity,
- Increasing cost of production and weak competitiveness,
- Increasing aversion to agriculture and dependence even on basic food items,
- Consumption-oriented imports and low export capacity and high trade deficit,
- Growing youth outward migration for foreign employment due to limited internal employment opportunities
- Fragmented social security programmes, increasing liabilities, poor management and low security perception;
- Education system not connected with production system, problems of quality and punctuality in higher education, poor human resource management,
- Weak public health system with low access to even basic health services by ordinary citizens,
- Mismatch in demand and supply of infrastructure, poor management of dimensions of sustainable infrastructure development and Poor quality of physical infrastructure built,
- Lack of reliable, safe and affordable modern information technology and increasing security challenges.
- Huge gap between the demand and supply of urban infrastructure and service facilities and unorganized urbanization, integrated population development and relocation programs that have not been effective,
- Change in the form of violence against women, children, senior citizens and marginalized communities, economic-social-cultural discrimination and continuation of traditional thinking,
- Gaps between policies, practices and outcomes related to inclusion;
- Weak interconnection between state levels, low progress towards achieving inclusive, equitable and balanced regional development through a strong federal governance system,
- Gap in public spending needs and resource mobilization capacity, large share of import-based revenue, uncertain public finance system and challenges in implementing fiscal federalism.
- Low capital allocation and low spending capacity, uncontrollable costs and delays in construction of infrastructure projects, low returns compared to costs,
- Mobilization of financial resources between limited persons and entrepreneurs; Not reaching the expected contribution to production and job creation from the financial resources in circulation,
- Weak market competition, increase in informal transactions and revenue and capital leakage, abnormal fluctuations in liquidity, prices and supply,
- Increasing citizens’ complaints about the quality of public service delivery and security arrangements, corruption control, guaranteeing social justice and speedy justice,
- High environmental impact, mitigation of the effects of climate change and the challenge of adopting sustainable development and green economy.
- Management of the challenges that come with the achievements created by upgrading in developing countries, management of resources necessary for sustainable development goals and effective implementation.
Source: Nepal Planning Commission, 16th periodic plan
